Contributions of the Inductive Method to the Teaching of Military Ethics

Main Article Content

Andrés Eduardo Fernández Osorio
Marina Miron
David Whetham

Abstract

The ethical training of military forces is essential for democracy as it guides respect for human rights, observance of the laws of war, and protection of institutional legitimacy. For this reason, military ethics has become a crucial tool to guide the behavior of the military in complexenvironments and ensure responsible decision-making. In this context, this article evaluates theimpact of the Basic Concepts in Military Ethics course and its inductive approach on the attitudesand behaviors of Colombian military personnel. Using a quantitative methodology, a study was conducted with 230 course participants at the General Rafael Reyes Prieto Higher War School in Colombia to measure attitudes about military ethics, rules of engagement, and operational effectiveness. The main results identified that the course positively impacted the participants’attitudes about the importance of military ethics, its contribution to unit cohesion, and its influence on responsible decision-making. It is concluded that training in military ethics, through innovative methods such as inductive, prepares the military to face the challenges of today’s world and responsibly fulfill their mission.

Article Details

Section
Monographic articles
Author Biographies

Andrés Eduardo Fernández Osorio, Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova

PhD en Derecho y Ciencias Políticas, Universidad de Barcelona, ​​España. Maestría en Estudios de Defensa, King’s College London, Reino Unido. Maestría en Economía, Estado y Sociedad: Política y Seguridad, University College London, Reino Unido. Maestría en Relaciones Internacionales, Escuela Superior de Economía, Moscú, Federación de Rusia. Investigador de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova.

Marina Miron, King’s College London

PhD en Estudios Estratégicos, Universidad de Nueva Gales del Sur en la Academia de las Fuerzas de Defensa de Australia. Maestría en Guerra y Conflictos Contemporáneos, Universidad de Nottingham, Reino Unido. Investigadora postdoctoral en el King’s College London Centre for Military Ethics (KCME), Shrivenham, Reino Unido.

David Whetham, King’s College London

PhD y Magister en Estudios de Guerra, King's College London. Profesor de Ética y Profesión Militar, Escuela de Comando y Estado Mayor Conjunta, Shrivenham, Departamento de Estudios de Defensa, King's College London. Director del Centro de Ética Militar del King's College London (KCME).

References

Acevedo-Navas, C. (2023). Ejes temáticos estratégicos en seguridad y defensa en Colombia. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 21(42), 303-326. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1215

Acevedo-Navas, C., Ballesteros-Betancur, V., & Corcione-Nieto, M. A. (2022). Seguridad humana y seguridad multidimensional, su enfoque y utilidad para proteger los derechos humanos. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(40). https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1081

Ahir, K., Govani, K., Gajera, R., & Shah, M. (2020). Application on Virtual Reality for Enhanced Education Learning, Military Training and Sports. Augmented Human Research, 5(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41133-019-0025-2

Arevalo-Ramírez, W. (2022). The International Court of Justice and the international humanitarian law rules for armed conflicts. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(38), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.912

Armstrong, J., & Hegarty, L. (2024). An Ethics of Care Perspective on Care to Battlefield Casualties. Journal of Military Ethics, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15027570.2024.2368290

Atencio Gómez, M. S. (2020). Los derechos de las mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 18(30), 401-415. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.584

Bandara, U. V. S., Sudusinghe, W. S., & Gamage, C. K. W. (2024). Remote Learning in Military Higher Education During Covid-19: Challenges and Strategies for Student Officers in Sri Lanka. KDU Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.4038/kjms.v6i1.105

Baumann, D. (2007). Military Ethics: A Task for Armies. Military Medicine, 172(Supplement_2), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED.173.Supplement_2.34

Bermúdez Quintana, E. M. (2015). Vivencias particulares de mujeres en procesos de movilidad humana: dos miradas relativas a su bienestar. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 13(15), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.12

Blocq, D. S. (2006). The fog of UN Peacekeeping: Ethical Issues regarding the use of Force to protect Civilians in UN Operations. Journal of Military Ethics, 5(3), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/15027570600911928

Bricknell, M., & Kelly, J. (2023). Ethical tensions in delivering Defence Engagement (Health). BMJ Military Health, e002318. https://doi.org/10.1136/military-2022-002318

Bricknell, M., & Miron, M. (2021). Medical Ethics for the Military Profession. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 19(36), 851-866. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.814

Ciro Gómez, A. R., & Correa Henao, M. (2014). Transformación estructural del Ejército colombiano. Construcción de escenarios futuros. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 12(13), 19-88. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.155

Cujabante-Villamil, X. A., Villalba-Garcia, L. F., & Betancur-Montoya, M. A. (2023). Evolución de las relaciones civiles-militares en América Latina. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 21(44), 949-963. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1275

Elron, E., Shamir, B., & Ben-Ari, E. (2000). Why Dont They Fight Each Other? Cultural Diversity and Operational Unity in Multinational Forces. En S. A. Cohen (Ed.), Democratic Societies and Their Armed Forces (pp. 123-150). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203045145

ESDEG. (2024). Historia. https://www.esdegue.edu.co

Fernandez-Osorio, A. E. (2015). Full Spectrum Operations: the Rationale Behind the 2008 Russian Military Reform? Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 13(15). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.11

Fernandez-Osorio, A. E., Miron, M., Cabrera-Cabrera, L. J., Corcione-Nieto, M. A., & Villalba-Garcia, L. F. (2023). Towards an effective gender integration in the armed forces: The case of the Colombian Army Military Academy. World Development, 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2023.106348

Gangi Guillén, G. K. V. (2023). Dinámicas migratorias en la frontera colombo-venezolana y su relación con la criminalidad transnacional. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 21(44), 907-924. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.984

Ha, S., & So, H.-J. (2023). Examining the Effects of the Utility Value Intervention on Learners’ Emotions and Conceptual Understanding in Online Video-based Learning. Education and Information Technologies, 28(11), 15145-15172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11755-z

Hosang, J. B. (2020). Rules of Engagement and the International Law of Military Operations. Oxford University Press.

Hurtado Granada, M. I. (2017). Los límites del DIH a las armas autónomas. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 15(20), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.176

Imbeault, M. (2018). El destino de los civiles en la nueva guerra justa. Una perspectiva canadiense. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 16(22), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.322

Inamori International Center for Ethics and Excellence. (2023). Military Ethics. https://tinyurl.com/mr49k7r3

Jalili, D. (2022). Enhancing Military Sustainability Through Education: Balancing Quick Wins with Systemic Behavioural Change. En G. Iacovino & M. Wigell (Eds.), Innovative Technologies and Renewed Policies for Achieving a Greener Defence. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security (pp. 95-112). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2186-6_8

King, A. (2021). Broadening the Perspective on Military Cohesion? A Reply. Armed Forces & Society, 47(3), 586-595. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X20947150

Kohn, S., Cohen, M., Johnson, A., Terman, M., Weltman, G., & Lyons, J. (2024). Supporting Ethical Decision-Making for Lethal Autonomous Weapons. Journal of Military Ethics, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15027570.2024.2366094

Kolecki, R., Pregowska, A., Dabrowa, J., Skucinski, J., Pulanecki, T., Walecki, P., van Dam, P. M., Dudek, D., Richter, P., & Proniewska, K. (2022). Assessment of the utility of Mixed Reality in medical education. Translational Research in Anatomy, 28, 100214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tria.2022.100214

Kuczynski, G. (2023). Military Decision-Making Process. Organizing and Conducting Planning. U.S. Army.

Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. (2024). E-Learning. https://tinyurl.com/3wz9x96u

Ortega-Guzmán, L. F., & Gil-Osorio, J. F. (2022). El reconocimiento de víctimas militares y sus implicaciones para el honor militar. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(39), 631-649. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.889

Prince, M., & Felder, R. (2006). Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions, Comparisons, and Research Bases. Journal of Engineering Education, 95(2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2006.tb00884.x

Prince, M., & Felder, R. (2007). The Many Faces of Inductive Teaching and Learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 36(5), 14-20.

Quintero Rojas, K. L. (2018). Los integrantes de la fuerza pública como víctimas del conflicto y la revictimización. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 16(24), 109-127. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.358

Reed, G. S., Petty, M. D., Jones, N. J., Morris, A. W., Ballenger, J. P., & Delugach, H. S. (2016). A principles-based model of ethical considerations in military decision making. The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology, 13(2), 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548512915581213

República de Colombia. (2000). Decreto Ley 1790 de 2000 por el cual se modifica el Decreto que regula las normas de carrera del personal de oficiales y suboficiales de las Fuerzas Militares. Imprenta Nacional.

Rivera-Páez, S., & Uribe-Cáceres, S. (2022). Identidades militares y relaciones civiles-militares en Colombia. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(39), 447-466. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.887

Robinson, P. (2007). Ethics Training and Development in the Military. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 37(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.2344

Robinson, P., De Lee, N., & Carrick, D. (Eds.). (2008). Ethics education in the military. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Ruslan, D., Silaban, P. S. M. J., Teviana, T., & Irawan, D. (2021). Innovation Development of Microeconomics E-Module Based on Discovery Learning on Utility Functions. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211110.206

Sepúlveda Soto, D., & Rivas Pardo, P. (2017). La mujer como sujeto de protección y de pacificación en la seguridad global: estudio del aporte teórico y conceptual del Gender Mainstreaming a las relaciones internacionales. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 15(19), 123-144. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.75

Shereshevsky, Y. (2022). International humanitarian law-making and new military technologies. International Review of the Red Cross, 104(920-921), 2131-2152. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383122000443

Simmons, C. (2021). The Scope of Military Jurisdiction for Violations of International Humanitarian Law. Israel Law Review, 54(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021223720000217

Sixpence, P., & Chilunjika, A. (2020). International Humanitarian Law and Military Intervention: Reflections on Operation Allied Forces in the Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999. International Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2(2), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0202.132

Stanley-Lockman, Z. (2021). Responsible and ethical military AI. Centre for Security and Emerging Technology.

Thoral, M.-C. (2011). Troop Morale and Military Unity. En From Valmy to Waterloo (pp. 99-120). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294981_5

Todd, D., & Tripodi, P. (2018). Behavioral Ethics: The Missing Piece of an Integrative Approach to Military Ethics. MCU Journal, 9(1), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.2018090106

Torres Guarnizo, M. A., & Velandia Pardo, E. F. (2022). La interrelación de derechos humanos y medio ambiente desde el concepto de la seguridad humana. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(37), 1110128. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.803

van Baarle, E. M. (2017). Ethics Education in the Military. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315256078

Villalba-Garcia, L. F., Coronado-Camero, F., & Sierra-Gutiérrez, W. A. (2022). La guerra irrestricta como estrategia del ELN en Colombia: Nuevos desafíos de una amenaza persistente. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(40). https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1043

Villalba-Garcia, L. F., Coronado-Camero, F., Sierra-Gutiérrez, W. A., & Polo-Puentes, F. A. (2022). Disposiciones de acuerdos de paz y sus efectos en estabilidad y reconciliación (1989-2012). Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 20(40). https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1137

Villegas Arévalo, S. C. (2021). Armonización entre derechos de menores víctimas de reclutamiento y su participación en crímenes internacionales. Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 19(34), 379-405. https://doi.org/10.21830/19006586.739

Wertheimer, R. (2010). The Morality of Military Ethics Education. En R. Wertheimer (Ed.), Empowering Our Military Conscience. Transforming Just War Theory and Military Moral Education (pp. 159-196). Routledge.

Whetham, D. (Ed.). (2011). Ethics, law, and military operations. Palgrave Macmillan.

Whetham, D. (2018). An Introduction and Review: The Kings College London Centre for Military Ethics. Journal of Military Ethics, 17(1), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/15027570.2018.1505440

Whetham, D., Fernández-Osorio, A. E., & Miron, M. (2021). Lecturas y perspectivas de la ética militar. En C. A. Ardila-Castro, P. A. Sierra-Zamora, & D. Whetham (Eds.), Ética militar y fundamentación profesional. Evolución, conceptos y principios (pp. 19-24). Sello Editorial ESMIC. https://doi.org/10.21830/9789585377127.01